Rossosh. Cathedral of Elijah the Prophet. Subject of research: the history of the churches of the Rossosh deanery Pokrovsky temple p. Popovka, Rossoshsky District

The temple complex in the city of Rossosh, Voronezh Region, consists of a Temple in the name of the Holy Right-believing Grand Duke Alexander Nevsky and a temple in honor of the Holy Prophet Elijah.

The temple in the name of the holy noble Grand Duke Alexander Nevsky was built in 1876 according to the design of the Moscow architect P.P. Burenina. The church was designed and built as a bell tower for the Exaltation of the Cross Church, which, in turn, was built 42 years earlier, but during the period of Soviet power - militant atheism - it was partially destroyed and rebuilt as a plant for pressing units.

1. Photo by the light of lanterns before sunrise.

2. This is how the ensemble looked in 1943, later the Exaltation of the Cross Church will be destroyed.

3. Photo from WWII.

At the beginning of 1861, Father Andrei Sokolov made a trip to Moscow on foot. The goal was to bow to the Moscow shrines and ask the new Rossosh landowner, Privy Councilor Alexander Dmitrievich Chertkov, who, after the death of Nikolai Dmitrievich Chertkov, got the Rossosh settlement under the section, to assist in the construction of the bell tower. Father Andrei found Alexander Dmitrievich in the Chernevo estate near Moscow and was warmly received. Having listened to the request, Alexander Dmitrievich sent for the architect Burenin, who was instructed to draw up a plan for the future bell tower. A few days later, while Father Andrei went to worship in Rostov, New Jerusalem, Zvenigorod and other places, the plan was ready, with which he returned to Rossosh. The bell tower was built by the Moscow contractor Gryaznov. The construction of the bell tower was not without misfortune. One of the workers fell from the second floor and crashed to his death, and when the building was completed, the bell ringer from the locals fell from the third floor and was found without signs of life. Upon completion of the construction of the bell tower, Father Andrei set about building a church on the lower floor of the bell tower in honor of the right-believing Prince Alexander Nevsky, whose name was Alexander Dmitrievich Chertkov. To do this, he repeatedly, with the old people devoted to him and his students-singers, walked with the icon of the German Mother of God throughout the parish from hut to hut, served prayers and asked who could donate how much. The son of the deceased Alexander Dmitrievich Chertkov, the captain of the guard, later Chief of Ceremonies Grigory Alexandrovich Chertkov, donated seven hundred rubles for the installation of the iconostasis. The throne was consecrated by order of Archbishop Seraphim by the local dean Archpriest Georgy Petrov in 1876 on January 13. In 1883, the church warden Ivan Emelyanovich Plotitsyn, taking into account the desire of the parishioners to have a good bell, purchased at his own expense from the Samofalov factory in the city of Voronezh, a bell weighing 303 pounds. The bell was resonant, audible at a distance. But in 1895, on Holy Week, the bell broke. In May of the same year, the new church warden T.A. Safonov ordered a bell in Moscow for 350 poods at 16 1/2 rubles per pood, with the condition that the old bell be accepted at 12 rubles per pood. For the issuance of a deposit of 900 rubles for the payment of the rest of the money, two thousand rubles were taken from the savings bank of the church.

4.5. The horizon was covered with a dense veil, there were doubts that there would be no colors in the sky at all.

The four-story, octagonal bell tower raised the gilded cross to a height of 60 meters. This is one of the highest bell towers in the Voronezh region; it was built on the model of the bell tower of the Mitrofanov Monastery in Voronezh. On the first floor of the bell tower, a temple was consecrated in honor of the Right-Believing Prince Alexander Nevsky. The name of this saint was not chosen by chance. The fact is that at that time Alexander Dmitrievich Chertkov, an officer of the Life Guards who participated in the Patriotic War of 1812, was the landowner in the Rossosh settlement of the Ostrogozhsky district. The most respected representative of the Chertkov family - he studied archeology, painting, architecture; collected books on national history and ancient manuscripts; was married to a distant relative of A.S. Pushkin, Elizaveta Grigoryevna Chernysheva; donated 1,000 rubles in banknotes to the church of St. Alexander Nevsky under construction. In honor of his heavenly patron, the temple in the bell tower was consecrated. Here they hung a bell weighing 350 pounds, which served the townspeople until 1937, when, by order of the new government, the bell was thrown from the bell tower and broken.

6. Sleepless taxi drivers, from half past three, and maybe earlier, at the bus station, which is on the right in the photo, people do not sleep.

Currently, the Alexander Nevsky Church with the adjacent territory is part of the Temple complex. In 2008, a large repair and restoration work was carried out in the temple. On May 11, 2008, a new cross and dome was installed, as close as possible to archival photographs.
On December 8, 2009, the rector of the Rossosh temple complex, Archpriest Andrei Skakalin, consecrated new bells for the church-bell tower in honor of the holy noble prince Alexander Nevsky. New bells were cast in the city of Voronezh, thanks to the deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Federation Olshansky Nikolai Mikhailovich and his wife Raisa Vasilievna. The new belfry consists of 10 bells, the largest of which weighs over 800 kg. Now one of the most beautiful bell towers in the Voronezh region adorns the entire district with a melodic chime.

7.8. A lot of swallows live on the bell tower, I watched a picture of how they drove away a "foreign" dove from their nests.

9. Forty minutes I stood waiting for the sun, waited :)

10. Gate with arches at the entrance to the temple.

11. And this is the Ilyinsky temple.

Ilyinsky Church was built according to the project of architects P.V.Dudin and V.M.Zakharov in accordance with the best traditions of Russian Orthodox architecture and using modern building technologies. The building's foundation area is 42 x 30 meters, the height to the base of the main dome is 31.5 meters, the building is decorated with 4 small domes with crosses and a dome on the belfry. On the belfry - 10 bells weighing from 4 to 1200 kg. The iconostasis is made of cast stone in the color of white marble. The temple is designed for the simultaneous visit of more than one and a half thousand parishioners.

In Rossosh there was already Ilyinsky temple. In 1897, according to the project of the architect of the Ostrogozhsky district N. Afanasyev, the construction of the temple began, which lasted for almost 19 years. It is known that the saint made donations for its construction. righteous John Kronstadt. The fate of the Ilyinsky temple was sad: in 1929 the church was blown up, not a single photograph was preserved.

12. The guard woke up at 4 o'clock and, looking suspiciously in my direction, went to open all the gates around the perimeter.

On September 19, 2000, the solemn consecration of the foundation stone for the foundation of the Ilyinsky Church was performed, which was decided to be erected on the October Square of the city. In 2001, the foundation was laid, but due to lack of funds, construction was stopped. By the fall of 2003, the walls of the temple were erected, the construction of the vaults began.
At the end of 2005, a deputy of the State Duma from the Pavlovsk single-mandate constituency N.M. Olshansky, in memory of the tragically deceased son Igor, took care of the construction of the temple. Minudobreniya OJSC held a meeting, which was attended by architects, representatives of construction and municipal organizations of the city. It was decided to complete all the work by the patronal feast - August 2, so that the consecration of the temple could be carried out the day before. Most of the funds for the construction of the church were allocated by the chemical plant. The city and district administrations also took an active part in organizing the construction. All work was completed on time. The handsome temple has truly become an adornment not only of Rossosh, but of the entire Voronezh land.
On August 1, 2006, Metropolitan Sergius of Voronezh and Borisoglebsk performed a great consecration of the church. The festive divine service on the day of consecration was attended by the deputy of the State Duma N.M. Olshansky, head of the administration of the Voronezh region V.G. Kulakov, head of the Voronezh Regional Duma V.I. Klyuchnikov, representatives of the district and city administrations.

13. The whole territory is fenced.

14. Here is a combination of two opposing times: a monument to "Rossoshans - heroes civil war dedicated" and the temple of Elijah the prophet.

15. The sun illuminated the sky with pink colors.

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22. A huge bell, apparently, will stand here, it is unlikely that they will raise it to the bell tower, it simply will not fit there.

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Literature:

Temple in the name of the Holy Right-Believing Grand Duke Alexander Nevsky.

The four-story, octagonal bell tower raised the gilded cross to a height of 60 meters. This is one of the highest bell towers in the Voronezh region; it was built on the model of the bell tower of the Mitrofanov Monastery in Voronezh. On the first floor of the bell tower, a temple was consecrated in honor of the Right-Believing Prince Alexander Nevsky. The name of this saint was not chosen by chance. The fact is that at that time Alexander Dmitrievich Chertkov, an officer of the Life Guards who participated in the Patriotic War of 1812, was the landowner in the Rossosh settlement of the Ostrogozhsky district. The most respected representative of the Chertkov family - he studied archeology, painting, architecture; collected books on national history and old manuscripts; was married to a distant relative of A.S. Pushkin, Elizaveta Grigoryevna Chernysheva; donated 1,000 rubles in banknotes to the church of St. Alexander Nevsky under construction. In honor of his heavenly patron, the temple in the bell tower was consecrated. Here they hung a bell weighing 350 pounds, which served the townspeople until 1937, when, by order of the new government, the bell was thrown from the bell tower and broken.

On December 8, 2009, the rector of the Rossosh temple complex, Archpriest Andrei Skakalin, consecrated new bells for the church-bell tower in honor of the holy noble prince Alexander Nevsky. New bells were cast in the city of Voronezh, thanks to the deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Federation Olshansky Nikolai Mikhailovich and his wife Raisa Vasilievna. The new belfry consists of 10 bells, the largest of which weighs over 800 kg. Now one of the most beautiful bell towers in the Voronezh region adorns the entire district with a melodic chime.

Ilyinsky Church was built according to the project of architects P.V.Dudin and V.M.Zakharov in accordance with the best traditions of Russian Orthodox architecture and using modern building technologies. The area of the foundation of the building is 42 x 30 meters, the height to the base of the main dome is 31.5 meters, the building is decorated with 4 small domes with crosses and a dome on the belfry. On the belfry there are 10 bells weighing from 4 to 1200 kg. The iconostasis is made of cast stone in the color of white marble. The temple is designed for the simultaneous visit of more than one and a half thousand parishioners.

In Rossosh there was already Ilyinsky temple. In 1897, according to the project of the architect of the Ostrogozhsky district N. Afanasyev, the construction of the temple began, which lasted for almost 19 years. It is known that the holy righteous John of Kronstadt made donations for its construction. The fate of the Ilyinsky temple was sad: in 1929 the church was blown up, not a single photograph was preserved.

At the end of 2005, a deputy of the State Duma from the Pavlovsk single-mandate constituency N.M. Olshansky, in memory of the tragically deceased son Igor, took care of the construction of the temple. Minudobreniya OJSC held a meeting, which was attended by architects, representatives of construction and municipal organizations of the city. It was decided to complete all the work by the patronal feast - August 2, so that the consecration of the temple could be carried out the day before. Most of the funds for the construction of the church were allocated by the chemical plant. The city and district administrations also took an active part in organizing the construction. All work was completed on time. The handsome temple has truly become an adornment not only of Rossosh, but of the entire Voronezh land.

On August 1, 2006, Metropolitan Sergius of Voronezh and Borisoglebsk performed a great consecration of the church. The festive divine service on the day of consecration was attended by the deputy of the State Duma N.M. Olshansky, head of the administration of the Voronezh region V.G. Kulakov, head of the Voronezh Regional Duma V.I. Klyuchnikov, representatives of the district and city administrations.

At the end of the service, Metropolitan Sergius congratulated everyone on the day of remembrance of the great Russian saint, the Monk Seraphim of Sarov, and on the celebration of the consecration of the House of God.

In his archpastoral sermon, Vladyka, in particular, said: “The temple is of great importance in our life. We must protect it and take care of it. People will bring their children here for baptism, here they will partake of the Holy Mysteries of Christ for the first time, they will have their first conscious confession. In the sacrament of the wedding, they will receive the blessing of the Church for their married life here, and they will be brought here when their earthly path ends.

We must cherish this temple, draw strength here for our daily affairs, the life of our family, the upbringing of our children, for our work and for building the might of our Motherland. Let us never forget this and let us take care of the revival of the temple of our soul.”

Vladyka Metropolitan thanked N.M. Olshansky for his help in the construction and beautification of the temple and presented him with the Order of the Holy Prince Daniel of Moscow, which was awarded to Nikolai Mikhailovich by His Holiness Patriarch Alexy II.

Currently, the Temple complex as part of the Ilyinsky and Alexander Nevsky churches is the center of the Rossoshansky church district, which includes Rossoshansky, Olkhovatsky and Kantemirovsky districts.

Divine services in the Temple complex are performed daily.

Revered icons of the Temple complex: the image of the Sicilian Mother of God; the image of the Iberian Mother of God; the image of the Mother of God "The Tsaritsa"; icons of St. Tikhon of Voronezh, wonderworker of Zadonsk and priest-confessor Luke of Simferopol with particles of their holy relics.

Benefactors and benefactors: Deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Federation Olshansky Nikolai Mikhailovich; Vladimir Nikolaevich Ovcharenko, General Director of JSC "Minudobreniya"; Director for General Affairs of Minudobreniya OJSC Bereznyak Gennady Alexandrovich; Vladimir Grinev, head of the Rossoshansky municipal district; Director General of CJSC "Cottage-industry" Yury Alexandrovich Kukhtin; Yury Nikolayevich Baulin, General Director of RMU LLC; Vasily Ivanovich Ostroushko, General Director of Moloko Firm JSC.

Zybinskaya A.V.

Introduction

The fate of the Russian Orthodox Church is closely connected with the history of our state. There were periods of cooperation and confrontation, support and complete rejection.

The territory of the current Rossoshansky district began to be settled at the beginning of the 18th century. The Church was the pillar of power, the spiritual foundation of every person. In the 18th century, a person could not do without the blessing of a priest. In the church he was baptized, married, buried, commemorated. The Russian peasant met with the priest on weekdays and on holidays. He called him when he began to build a house, when he started a new business; he went to him for advice, for sympathy, to repent.

The first Rossosh landlords perfectly understood the organizing role of the church and carefully monitored that the villages where their subjects lived were not left without a church and a priest.

The attitude towards the church changed with the coming to power of the Bolsheviks. The decree of January 23, 1918 on the separation of the church from the state and the school from the church became the basis for complete arbitrariness in the localities in relation to the church and its ministers. The unauthorized closure of churches began, the confiscation of church property and religious objects for revolutionary needs, the arrests of clergy and their involvement in forced labor.

Since the 90s of the XX century, the attitude towards the church on the part of the authorities has changed. The freedom of religion proclaimed by the Constitution of the Russian Federation became the basis for the revival of the Orthodox faith and churches as its institutions.

A survey of students of the GOBU SPO VO "Rossosh Pedagogical College" conducted by me on the history of the Russian Orthodox Church showed a low level of knowledge of students. Over 58% of students found it difficult to explain the reasons for the struggle of the Bolsheviks with the Russian Orthodox Church. About 65% of the respondents could not list the temples that existed in the region in the pre-revolutionary period. I was interested in the fate of the temples of the Rossoshsky Bagochinia, which determined topic my research History of the Churches of the Rossosh Deanery.

Object of study: History of the Russian Orthodox Church in the 18th – 21st centuries.

Subject of study: history of the temples of the Rossosh deanery.

Purpose of the study: to study the history of the temples of Rossoshsky district

To achieve this goal, the following tasks:

identify what temples existed in the area in the pre-revolutionary period;
to consider the fate of the temples of the Rossoshansky deanery from its inception to the present.

The materials for my work were the studies of local historians: A.Ya. Morozova, F. Dvirnik, P.E. Bolotova.

ChapterI. Churches of Rossosh Sloboda

1.1. The first suburban churches

Architecture is the soul of the people, embodied in stone. This applies to Russia with some amendment. Russia long years was a country of wood, and its architecture, its pagan chapels, fortresses, towers, huts were built of wood. In a tree, a Russian person expressed his perception of building beauty, a sense of proportion, a fusion of architectural structures with the surrounding nature.

Wooden architecture dates back mainly to pagan Russia, and stone architecture is associated with Christian Russia.

The world of Byzantium, the world of Christianity brought new building experience and traditions to Russia: Russia adopted the construction of churches in the image of the cross-domed temple of the Greeks: a square divided by four pillars forms its basis; the rectangular cells adjacent to the dome space form an architectural cross. But the Greek craftsmen, arriving in Russia, applied this pattern to the traditions of Russian wooden architecture.

The temples built in our region reflected the traditions of Russian wooden architecture and stone architecture.

The very first church was built in Rossosh shortly after the establishment of the settlement - between 1712 and 1721. This is evidenced by the documents: in the inventory of the churches of the Voronezh diocese for 1712, there is still no Rossosh church - a record that in the settlement of Rossosh there is a Church of the Exaltation of the Cross, with four priests, two deacons, four deacons and four sextons, was included in the following inventory, carried out nine years later. The number of church staff suggests to the researcher that the population of the settlement by that time was already significant.

The first church was wooden, with a roof made of linden bast. The first owner of Rossosh, Colonel of the Ostrogozhsky Sloboda Regiment, Ivan Ivanovich Tevyashov, petitioned for its construction. Wood, as you know, is a short-lived material, and the settlement grew quite quickly. In 1742, the successor of the colonel, also Ivan Ivanovich, had to turn to the Bishop of Voronezh and Yelets Joachim with a request to be allowed to build a new church "in another convenient place."

The second church in Rossosh was built two years later, but its consecration was delayed until 1747, since Ostrogozhsky archpriest Anthony could not submit to the diocese a decree on the construction of this church, which burned down during a fire in his house. The date of the consecration of the second Rossoshanskaya church was helped to determine the antimension - (a canvas with the image of a shroud), on which it was written: “To the Temple of the Exaltation. Ostrogozhsky order in the slob. Rossosh. By the command of the Most Pious Sovereign of our Empress Elisaveta Petrovna of All Russia and the blessing of the Holy Synod, His Grace Theophylact Bishop of Voronezh and Yelets officiated. 1747. June 19th."

Exactly fifteen years later, Rossosh priests with the landowner Tevyashov asked the bishop for permission to build a third church, while saying that the forest had already been prepared for it. In Voronezh, Bishop Ioanniky imposed on their petition the following resolution: “Order to carry out in advance an examination of the mentioned dilapidated church (Tevyashov wrote that it was already collapsing) with a description of how it now consists in magnificence and pleasure ...”.

Archimandrite Cornelius from Donetsk went to Rossosh to carry out an audit. He came to the conclusion that the church “does not tolerate any lack or impoverishment” and also convicted the Rossosh priests of deceit. They reported to the diocese that “there are three hundred Little Russian households in the settlement” (2464 souls of both sexes), but in fact the auditor counted 405 huts in the parish. Bishop Ioanniky imposed a fine of 10 rubles on the "priests of the settlement of Rossosh" for hiding the yards. At that time, the amount was considerable, given that the church paid 3 rubles 69 kopecks a year to the diocesan treasury. and also 40 kopecks. to the seminary. Despite this, the applicants received permission for a new church, “the construction of which the inhabitants of the settlement of Rossosh set about with their own money.”

It took seven years to build a new, third in a row, church. It turned out that the Rossoshans could not complete the construction of the temple “with their own money”. I had to turn to the new Bishop Tikhon to issue a book to collect donations for "the iconostasis and church utensils." On July 4, 1766, the bishop imposed a resolution: "Give a book and a decree." The new church was completed and consecrated in May 1769. It operated for 65 years until the completion of the construction of a large stone church in 1834, which was placed in the distance on the new market square. This happened already under other owners of Rossosh.

1.2. Holy Cross Church

Of the Tevyashovs, the last owner of Rossosh was Stepan Ivanovich, also a colonel. In 1787, he married his only daughter, Evdokia, to the son of the Voronezh governor-general, Dmitry Vasilyevich Chertkov. Under him, the construction of the stone Holy Cross Church began, which was completed under his son Nikolai Dmitrievich Chertkov, who took possession of Rossosh after the division of the estate in 1829.

Dmitry Vasilyevich Chertkov, back in 1820, "entered with a petition" to the Bishop of Voronezh and Cherkassy "for permission to replace the dilapidated wooden church with a new stone church." The plan and facade of the temple were approved in September of the same year, the construction dragged on for almost 14 years. Money came from various sources: from the church "purse", in the form of donations to the temple, as well as bridge and herd fees - from those who came to Rossosh to the fairs they took 2 kopecks from each wagon, 1 kopeck from cattle. The landowner N.D. Chertkov immediately donated a thousand rubles in banknotes to the church.

“Architecturally, the Exaltation of the Cross Church can be called majestic. Not only visitors admire its view, but also local residents often fix their eyes on it with love,” T. Oleinikov wrote in the article “Sloboda Rossosh of the Ostrogozhsky district and its Exaltation of the Cross Church” in 1895. The height of the temple, together with the cross on the main dome, was 37 meters, i.e. height of a twelve-story building. The walls and ceiling inside the church were painted twice. For the second time, the wall images were made according to drawings on biblical themes by the famous French graphic artist Gustave Doré.

In subsequent years, a bell tower was built next to the church. It was much lower than the temple, which violated the overall architectural ensemble. A quarter of a century later, two residents of Rossosh decided to correct this discrepancy: priest Andrei Stepanovich Sokolov and church warden Mikhail Danilovich Zhary. They started this big construction site penniless. Zhariy, who shortly before this had accepted the church keys from his predecessor Ivan Sukhomlin, found only a few copper nickels in the church "purse". The Russians had to pay 30,000 rubles for the bell tower.

For the sake of this bell tower, Father Sokolov at the beginning of 1861 went on foot to the capital. In the estate of Chernevo near Moscow, he visited the new landowner Grigory Aleksandrovich Chertkov, to whom Rossosh passed after the death of his father. Grigory Alexandrovich cordially received the intercessor and, when he learned about the purpose of his arrival, immediately sent to Moscow for the architect Burenin, who was instructed to complete the design of the bell tower. While the architect was working on the project, Father Andrei Sokolov made a pilgrimage tour of the holy places in the center of Russia. Chertkov helped to find the executor of the Burenein project. By 1876, the bell tower in Rossosh was built by the Moscow contractor Gryaznov. The four-story, octagonal bell tower raised the gilded cross to a height of fifty-eight meters (at that time it was the second tallest in the province, now there is no bell tower higher than it in the region). On the ground floor of the bell tower, a temple was built in honor of the Right-Believing Grand Duke Alexander Nevsky.

In 1883, the church warden, one of the rich brothers who bought the Chertkovo estate, Ivan Emelyanovich Plotitsyn, ordered a bell weighing three hundred and three pounds for the bell tower at the Samofalov factory in Voronezh. They say that the ringing from him was heard in Kopanki. This bell served Rossosh residents for 12 years. On one of the days of Holy Week, the ringers, who were pretty tipsy, tried so hard that the bell cracked. The next headman, T.A. Safonov, had to take the “victim” to Moscow. There, at the factory, they accepted it for 12 rubles per pood and cast a new one weighing 350 poods (5600 kg.), But they had to pay 16 rubles 50 kopecks for it. for a pud. Is it expensive or cheap? At that time, a cow was worth three, and a horse could be bought for five.

In 1937, by order of the new government, this bell was thrown from the bell tower. The spire with the cross was cut off in the 1930s, and in January 1943, during the liberation of Rossosh, the dome of the bell tower was damaged by artillery shells - our soldiers had to shoot out enemy machine gunners who sat on the very top.

The Bolsheviks destroyed the old Holy Cross Church for a long time - the solid, conscientiously made masonry of the old masters did not succumb to the categorical orders of the new authorities.

There was an unusual, aimed at achieving directly opposite goals, competition between believers and local authorities. The former repaired and refurbished the damaged bell tower (during the war, a service was opened in its church), while the latter made remarkable efforts to destroy the adjacent church building to the ground.

1.3. Temple of Saint Elijah the Prophet

In 1897, in Rossosh on Zabolotovka, on the site where the building of the sanitary and epidemiological station now stands, a new church was laid in honor of the prophet Elijah.

“A wonderful plan of the temple” was developed by the architect for the Ostrogozhsky district N.N. Afanasiev. Designed for two thousand worshipers, the church would stand out with rich lighting, only 83 windows were arranged in three tiers. The dome of the bell tower with a cross would rise to a height of fifty meters. In length, the church with the bell tower adjoining it was fifty-five meters. Despite the vastness of the new building, it cost "relatively inexpensive" - 74 thousand rubles.

The material side of this business was provided in this way. His Eminence Vladyko Anastassy “proposed to deduct 7,000 rubles from the reserve funds of the Exaltation of the Cross Church”, the Rossosh Society undertook to pay annually 50 kopecks per male soul from 15 to 60 years of age. The construction committee was given full control over all the money for the rented "manor and market places near the Mikhailovka station."

The contract was concluded with well-known contractors for the construction of churches, Efim and Andrey Semendyaev.

Thirty-five miners from local parishioners entered the building committee, chaired by the priest I.A. Sokolov. The solemn start of construction was timed to coincide with the feast of the Prophet Elijah.

On July 20, at an early liturgy, the guest of honor, the editor of the Voronezh Theological Seminary, Archpriest A. Spassky, reminded the Orthodox:

The temple is not only a place of assembly and public prayer, but it is the house of God and this gate of heaven.

A religious procession came out of the Exaltation of the Cross Church. Up to 20 thousand people gathered from all over the area, with especially revered icons, with banners, went down the street across the Rossosh River to the place where the church was laid. Rossosh was honored with the presence of distinguished guests - the chief of the Imperial Court, General Pavel Vladimirovich Rodzianko and his wife, the brother of the future chairman of the State Duma, owned the local lands.

Before the start of the commission of the “rite that happens at the foundation of the church and the erection of the cross,” priest I.A. Sokolov told everyone that old people had long chosen this place for a temple. A certain Nikon Sukhomlin wanted to build a mill here, but the peasant Stepan Tsimbalisty prevented him and invited his neighbors to support him.

Despite the devastating war for Russia and the long-suffering burden for its population, the construction of the temple was carried out at a pace, and on May 31, 1916, the temple was consecrated with great solemnity.

The fate of the Elias Church was sad. In 1929, it was blown up allegedly at the request of the Zabolotov parishioners who succeeded in atheism. The church was destroyed, and the brick was used to build the telegraph building.

Local historian F. Dvirnik recalls: “On September 1, 1935, when student youth gathered in the square of the poultry technical school on the occasion of the beginning of the new academic year, a man suddenly appeared above average height, thin, in a black cassock, in a skufi on his head and with a cross in his hand. With a sweeping hand, he drew a cross with chalk on the entrance doors of the educational building and, turning to face the audience, signed the cross and said parting words so that we would enter this temple of science, as if it were a temple of God, and dedicate ourselves to the good of Russia. He tried to say something else, but from somewhere the policemen appeared by force and took him away. City students claimed that they often see this "defrocked" man praying at the place where the ruined temple stood. He was pastor of this church.

After that, more than once I witnessed how this “intruder”, walking along the main street, towards the clinic, which took the “place” of the temple, wrote crosses with chalk on the shutters of windows, gates and gates, how he was detained by policemen. We told about one of such cases to our teacher of Russian language and literature N.M. Groshko. Thinking carefully, she said:

The person you call a "priest-defiant" has a high spiritual rank, not an "enemy, not a madman", as they try to present him, but a completely normal person, although fanatically devoted to his spiritual calling. He is very shocked by the destruction of the temple and the violence against the clergy.”

ChapterII. In the county and region

2.1. Catherine's Church

In 1812, under the mountain near the forest for settlers, the owner of these lands (the settlement of Yekaterinovka in the Ostrogozhsky district, located near Lizinovka) Peter Solntsev built a small wooden church covered with thatch. This church is dedicated to the Holy Great Martyr Catherine, in honor of the angel of the landowner of the farm, Princess Catherine Meshcherskaya. From that time on, the farm began to be called Ekaterinovka Sloboda.

In 1840 the temple burned down. Prince Meshchersky ordered the construction of a new stone church. The iconostasis had already been placed in the church, when on the night of September 8, 1846, the walls were damaged from the falling inside of the dome.

In 1847, Prince Platon Meshchersky from Moscow sent a written order to his manager, Krivoy, "to lay a new, round-shaped church and a much smaller one, if only up to 400 people could fit in it." The place was chosen near the master's house. In 1849, a new temple was rebuilt and on November 24 it was consecrated in honor of the Holy Great Martyr Catherine. The church is round in appearance, but in its internal arrangement it is similar to the number eight, since the main side walls in the middle are concave inward. The bell tower was built separately in three sazhens. There is a stone wall around the church.

In Catherine's Church, there is a remarkable silver under black cross on the throne with a particle of the relics of saints and a small particle from the bloodied clothes of St. Dmitry Tsarevich (son of Ivan the Terrible). According to legend, this cross was presented by Stroganov to his granddaughter Ekaterina on the day of her engagement to Prince Meshchersky. At the expense of public funds, the "world" arranged a copy of the miraculous icon of the Mother of God, revered in Yekaterinovka.

The temple was destroyed in the 30s of the twentieth century. The brick was taken to Rossosh for the construction of the building of the technical school of the meat and dairy industry.

2.2. Church of the Annunciation in the village of Zhilino

The church is located on a hill in the center of the village.

In the materials of the "Code of monuments of history and culture of the Voronezh region" it is said about her:

“The refectory from the bell tower was built in 1801 in the forms of classicism, and the temple part with two side aisles (southern - the Ascension of Christ, northern - Tikhon of Zadonsky) with three semicircular apses - in 1882 in the spirit of eclecticism. The plan of the building is T-shaped. The elevated quadrangle of the temple is completed with a high octagon with a faceted dome and dome. The aisles and the refectory are equal in height, the facades of the aisles are designed as pilaster porticoes with pediments. All openings are framed by wide architraves, the verticals of which are pilasters with horizontal grooves in the center.

The completion of the temple is a high octagonal light drum with an octagonal dome and cupola. The bell tower at the base of the first tier has a quadrangle, the second tier has a quadrangle with oblique corners, the third tier is cylindrical, completed with a spherical dome with a high spire.

Vaults: the refectory is half-tray, the temple is closed octagonal, the bell-shaped space of the first tier is spherical. In the interior there is an original composition of three middle windows of the refectory, separated by columns. The metal gratings of the choirs have been preserved.

A cult building that combines two building periods. Forms of Russian classicism of the early 19th century and eclecticism of the 19th century.

After the liberation of the village of Zhilino from the German invaders in 1943, the church was restored and opened for worship.

In 1964 it was closed and used as a warehouse.

In the 90s of the XX century, the restoration of the temple began. Since 2009, regular services have been resumed in the church.

2.3. Church of Paraskeva Pyatnitsa in the village of Krivonosovo

According to the stories of old-timers, the church of Paraskeva Pyatnitsa was founded on Friday 10th Easter, on this day weekly fairs have been held for a long time. It was in 1801. In the museum of local lore, a record of the church for 1913 has been preserved. At that time, the church was in the Bogucharsky district in the Voronezh diocese in the settlement of Krivonosova. According to the list above, the church was built in 1869. This means that the church was built over 68 years.

During this time, she, like many other churches in our country, had to go through a lot. Her story was both good and bad. The very fact of construction on the donations of parishioners suggests that people really needed it. People helped the construction in any way they could. Someone helped with money, someone carried food. For the solution, eggs were needed, and so the parishioners themselves demolished them from their farmsteads. Often malnourished themselves, they tried to help in the construction of the temple, to make their own contribution to the development of Orthodoxy in our region. Despite all the difficulties, the temple was built, as they say, by the whole world. Firsov Georgy Andreevich took part in the interior decoration of the temple. As a token of gratitude, the villagers, two people from the yard, had to work one week each cleaning his estate. Members of the St. Petersburg School of Arts took part in the painting of the temple.

The temple is an architectural monument. The archival documents contain the following description: "The church is located in the center of the village. The brick walls are plastered. The architecture of the eclectic period has a number of individual features in proportions, and plastic is most associated with the early baroque, along with individual motifs of the Russian style and classicism.

The core of the composition is a squat two-height quadruple, completed by a cylindrical light drum with a dome and a deaf onion dome. A small refectory and a five-sided apse with two lowered rectangular volumes on the sides adjoin the quadrangle. The three-tiered bell tower adjoining the refectory consists of a quadruple of the first tier of two octagonal structures (in the upper one there are ringing arches to the cardinal points). The steep faceted dome is completed with a high spire. The corners of all volumes of the building are marked with pilasters. The facades of the quadrangle have a three-part division. The entrances are decorated with strongly protruding arched portals with keeled ends. Openings with arched lintels are surrounded by frame architraves. Above the cornice of the drum of the temple is the original belt of kokoshniks. The edges of the ringing tier are also completed with kokoshniks.

Inside the temple is covered with an octagonal vault with a large light ring. Above the refectory and the side volumes of the altar there are circular vaults, and in the altar such a vault merges with a faceted conch. Oil painting has been preserved in the interior. Many of the images are enclosed in arches or trifoliums. The lattices of the windows and the iron sashes of the doors are divided into rhombuses." Such a characteristic of the temple was given in 1886.

According to the state, since 1885, a priest, a deacon, a psalmist and a prosphora were placed at the temple. There were just as many. Salary is sacred - church - ministers at the church were not supposed to. The clergy received their salaries from the income of the church. According to the same statement in 1913, 928 rubles 65 kopecks of income were received. It was from this income that the clergy received their salaries. The houses of the clergy were their own, wooden, built on land bought from the peasants. The church had 66 acres of land located 4 miles from it. The quality of the church land was average and brought 300 rubles of income per year. The clergy themselves did not cultivate the land.

The church also owned: a stone guardhouse, a pine plank shed, a parochial school. All these buildings were covered with iron.

A parochial school was opened at the church. Here they taught the Law of God. At first, the school was located directly in the temple; a special room was allocated for this. The church register mentions a school that was opened in 1892. The school was run by the church. According to the statement, in 1913, 97 children studied at the parish school. Of these, 2 boys and 95 girls. In addition to the parochial school in Krivonosovo, there was also a zemstvo school, but it was opened in 1902. The parochial school opened the door to the world of knowledge for rural children, taught them to think and work. There was also a library in the temple, which contained books for worship and books intended for reading, there were 140 volumes of these. From the same list, we learn about the "head" of the school, he was Father Viktorin Mikhailovich Filippov. He was also a teacher of the law and a priest in the temple. The first teachers were Vasilyeva Maria Grigoryevna, Vasilyeva (Filatova) Natalya Grigoryevna, Filatov Semyon Petrovich, Stankova Maria Efimovna. The Vasiliev sisters were the granddaughters of the priest Vasily Afanasyevich Vasiliev. Their father was a psalmist. Natalya Grigoryevna and Maria Grigoryevna graduated from the Voronezh diocesan school and became teachers in their village, first in the parochial school, and then in the Zemstvo school and worked at the Krivonosov school almost until the start of World War II.

The last rector of the temple in the pre-war period was the priest Kondraty Makarovich Kovalev.

When the village was liberated from the Germans, Italian prisoners were kept in the church. Since it was the winter of 1943, the Italians burned fires right on the floor of the church to keep warm. Some of the floors in the refectory were torn off, some of the floors were burned, and the iconostasis was burned.

In 1944, some documents came to the Krivonosovsky village council and the church was reopened.

After the Great Patriotic War, the church began to "live" a full life. Divine services were held on holidays.

In the late 60s, the local authorities were eager to close the temple. At the initiative of the chairman of the village council Parkhomenko Svetlana Stepanovna, the church was closed. The district authorities supported her in this matter. Either time itself gave impetus to such a decision, or it was influenced by the spirit of atheism that was in the air during the years of the so-called socialist society. In 1969 the church was closed. The icons were taken out again, church utensils, part was handed over to the temple of Alexander Nevsky in the city of Rossosh.

Until 1989 the church was closed. For 20 years, the temple had to endure a lot. The church was defiled, the youth did not show their best side, showing a barbaric attitude towards the holy place, towards God's temple.

In 1989 the church was reopened. The fundraising was organized by Alekhin Nikolai Yegorovich. A church twenty of the most active parishioners was created, which began to collect donations. Icons were brought from the church of Alexander Nevsky, church utensils, someone brought icons from home. As before, people helped in whatever way they could. Only the dining area was open. Completely interior decoration was restored in 1991. At present, facade work and painting of the temple are being carried out.

Now the temple has been restored, but it was not possible to restore its former beauty. Restoring their temple, the locals probably restored their faith.

2.4. The arrival of the church in the name of St. Righteous Father of God Joachim and Anna of the village of Morozovka

In the index of temple holidays in the Voronezh diocese for 1884, issue I, it is reported: “The church in the settlement of Morozovka, Ostrogozhsky district, stone, built in 1804. dependent on the landowner Anna Vasilievna Tevyashova; in 1851 this church was extended, at the expense of the court adviser Nikolai Platonovich Kharin, by adding the limits, in accordance with the plan and facade. One state (priest). Arable and hay land 33 acres, in addition, the clergy use 6 acres of forest. Parishioners 1340 souls…”.

Morozov Church was consecrated in honor of St. Righteous Fathers of God Joachim and Anna. In the 30s of the XX century, the temple was destroyed and dismantled into bricks. A village club was built on the site of the temple.

2.5. Church of the Intercession Popovka, Rossoshsky District

The Intercession Church in the village of Popovka was built in 1810 with the assistance of Prince Vasily Filimonov. Of the clergy, Fr. Alexey and Fr. John Avtonov. The church was destroyed in 1939, a polyclinic was built from the building material in the city of Rossosh.

At present, a worship cross has been erected on the site of the destroyed temple and a community of believers has been formed.

2.6. Temple in honor of the Holy Life-Giving Trinity c. New Kalitva

The village of Novaya Kalitva began its existence in the 80s of the XVIII century. In the village was the Trinity Cathedral with two chapels in honor of the Intercession of the Mother of God and St. Nicholas. This cathedral was built for about 80 years, in 1936 it was ruthlessly destroyed to the ground. A club was built from temple bricks, which has now collapsed. A memorial cross was erected on the site of the cathedral.

In 1999, the Orthodox community begins its existence in honor of the Intercession of the Mother of God. The parish community gathered for several years in the premises of the village shop.

In 2006, by decree of the Metropolitan of Voronezh and Borisoglebsk, Priest Nikolai Leonidovich Kholodchenko was appointed rector of the parish. Six months later, the Vostok-Agro collective farm handed over the old oak building to the parish, and after repairs were made, regular worship resumed there. A children's Sunday school began operating at the church.

The philanthropist of the parish was OAO RMU, Rossosh, headed by the General Director Yury Nikolayevich Baulin.

2.7. Prayer house in honor of the Dormition Holy Mother of God With. Old Kalitva

In the village there was a temple in honor of the Assumption of the Mother of God, which was closed in 1936, and finally destroyed in the 70s of the last century. At the moment, a small community is being revived.

The community is located in the old building of the pre-revolutionary parochial school, where repairs have been made, an iconostasis has been installed, services are regularly held.

Conclusion

The most terrible trials befell the Russian Orthodox Church in the 1920s and 1970s. They did not bypass the Rossosh land. Rossoshansky poet Vasily Zhilyaev in his poem "To the Don Banks" writes:

Having deprived the Russian people of the Orthodox faith, the Bolsheviks wanted to replace it with the communist ideology, which, in the end, could not educate a highly moral person, but, on the contrary, turned him into an unspiritual being.

“A state without religion is like a ship without a compass,” these words belong to the great Voltaire. The tragic history of our country in the 20th century confirmed this idea of the great philosopher. The spiritual revival of the country began with the revival, the restoration of our Orthodox principles. The strength of the people is in its spiritual unity, where the Orthodox faith plays an important role.

All of us, brothers and friends, are from there,
Where the crimson ringing was made.
This call ended abruptly -
The bell ringer was thrown from the bell tower!
Our grandfathers were taken in stages
In the hard times, in the polar darkness ...
Light temples were blown up,
They walked on the icons with their feet,
Dinosaurs died temples,
Affirming godless life.
A triumphant symbol of "ism"
A red-star shadow rose.
And for memory - traces of vandalism,
Bald foreheads of villages.

Literature

Bolotov P. Sloboda field / P. Bolotov // For abundance. -1993. -28th of February.
Dvirnik F. There the temple stood / F. Dvirnik // For abundance. - 1993. - August 26.
Zhilyaev V. Don White Mountains / V. Zhilyaev. - V., 2000.
Morozov A.Ya. The history of the churches of Rossosh / A.Ya. Morozov // For abundance. - 1990. - May 11.
Morozov A. White churches, holy crosses / A. Morozov // For abundance. - 1997. -August 30.
Sudina T. Save and save / T. Sudina // For abundance - 1990.- February 5
Churches of the Rososhansky deanery. (http://rosblag.narod.ru/krivonos.html)

Russian local history

During the implementation of the project, state support funds were used, allocated as a grant in accordance with the order of the President Russian Federation No. 11-rp dated January 17, 2014 and on the basis of a competition held by the All-Russian public organization "Russian Union of Youth"

In Rossosh there was already Ilyinsky temple. In 1897, according to the project of the architect of the Ostrogozhsky district N. Afanasyev, the construction of the temple began, which lasted for almost 19 years. It is known that the holy righteous John of Kronstadt made donations for its construction. The fate of the Ilyinsky temple was sad: in 1929 the church was blown up, not a single photograph was preserved.

On September 19, 2000, the solemn consecration of the foundation stone for the foundation of the Ilyinsky Church was performed, which was decided to be erected on the October Square of the city. In 2001, the foundation was laid, but due to lack of funds, construction was stopped. By the fall of 2003, the walls of the temple were erected, the construction of the vaults began. At the end of 2005, a deputy of the State Duma from the Pavlovsk single-mandate constituency N.M. Olshansky, in memory of the tragically deceased son Igor, took care of the construction of the temple. A meeting was held at JSC "Minudobreniya", which was attended by architects, representatives of construction and municipal organizations of the city. It was decided to complete all the work by the patronal feast - August 2, so that the consecration of the temple could be carried out the day before. Most of the funds for the construction of the church were allocated by the chemical plant. The city and district administrations also took an active part in organizing the construction. All work was completed on time. The handsome temple has truly become an adornment not only of Rossosh, but of the entire Voronezh land.

Divine services in the Temple complex are performed daily.

Revered icons of the Temple complex: the image of the Sicilian Mother of God; the image of the Iberian Mother of God; icon of St. Tikhon of Voronezh, Wonderworker of Zadonsk with a particle of relics.

The source of information -

Ilyinsky Church was built according to the project of architects P.V.Dudin and V.M.Zakharov in accordance with the best traditions of Russian Orthodox architecture and using modern building technologies. The area of the foundation of the building is 42 x 30 meters, the height to the base of the main dome is 31.5 meters, the building is decorated with 4 small domes with crosses and a dome on the belfry. On the belfry there are 10 bells weighing from 4 to 1200 kg. The iconostasis is made of cast stone in the color of white marble. The temple is designed for the simultaneous visit of more than one and a half thousand parishioners.

In Rossosh there was already Ilyinsky temple. In 1897, according to the project of the architect of the Ostrogozhsky district N. Afanasyev, the construction of the temple began, which lasted for almost 19 years. It is known that the holy righteous John of Kronstadt made donations for its construction. The fate of the Ilyinsky temple was sad: in 1929 the church was blown up, not a single photograph was preserved.

Divine services in the Temple complex are performed daily.