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ORDER of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation dated 10-12-2009 977 ON THE APPROVAL OF THE UNIFIED QUALIFICATION DIRECTORY OF POSITIONS OF MANAGERS... Relevant in 2018

TECHNICIAN FOR AUTOMATED PROCESS CONTROL SYSTEMS (TECHNICIAN-DESIGNER-SYSTEM TECHNICIAN)

Job responsibilities. Participates in the design and implementation of automated control systems (ACS) and automated control systems (ACS) for various purposes under the guidance of a systems engineer. Independently develops certain types of support for simple control or monitoring systems based on modern computer technology, instruments and automation equipment. Completes and draws up design documentation for automated control systems and automated control systems, collects initial data on the controlled objects under investigation and conducts their primary processing. On the instructions of a systems engineer, he performs prototyping of the system under test and participates in testing the layout. Makes changes to project documentation and draws up notices of changes. Participates in the adjustment of the components of the developed systems and their trial operation. Prepares and conducts acceptance and metrological tests of the developed systems with the execution of test reports.

Must know: laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, methodological and regulatory documents relating to the design of automated information processing systems and process control; rules for the operation of computer equipment, instruments and automation equipment used in control systems; rules for the technical operation of a complex of technical means and technological equipment of the systems being developed; standards and other regulatory documents governing the development of documentation for ACS and ASC; fundamentals of economics and labor organization; fundamentals of labor legislation; rules on labor protection and fire safety; internal labor regulations.

Qualification requirements.

Technician for automated process control systems (technician-designer-system engineer) Category I: secondary vocational (technical) education and work experience as a technician for automated process control systems (technician-designer-system engineer) Category II for at least 2 years.

Technician for automated process control systems (technician-designer-system engineer) II category: secondary vocational (technical) education and work experience as a technician for automated process control systems (technician-designer-system engineer) for at least 2 years.

Technician for automated process control systems (technician-designer-system engineer): secondary vocational (technical) education without presenting requirements for work experience.

Beginning: 20000 ⃏ per month

Experienced: 40000 ⃏ per month

Professional: 56000 ⃏ per month

* - information on salaries is given approximately based on vacancies on profiling sites. Salary in a particular region or company may differ from those given. Your income is greatly influenced by how you can apply yourself in the chosen field of activity. Income is not always limited only by the fact that you are offered vacancies in the labor market.

Demand for the profession

Many companies and many enterprises require qualified Process Automation Engineers.

Who is the profession for?

The profession associated with technology and mechanisms does not tolerate a familiar attitude to work. Responsibility and accuracy of all actions are important here. Even meticulous work, at times, requires stress resistance. Responsibility and attentiveness of a specialist will help him to avoid mistakes in his work.

Career

Process control automation engineer has three categories. This is determined by the presence of higher education and work experience. An experienced qualified specialist will always be in demand in the labor market.

Responsibilities

To improve the quality of products, to make the work of workers in production safe and highly productive, it is necessary to automate the process control systems. Before that, the engineer studies the range of necessary work and conducts research. Draws up plans for automation and mechanization of production processes, hoisting and transport, loading and unloading and warehouse operations. Receives sketches and technical projects, drawings for consideration. Participates in installation works, adjustment and commissioning of automation and mechanization equipment. Supervises their maintenance and ensures that the work meets the criteria of reliability and quality. The engineer describes the results of the work done in the report.

Rate the job: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

This will be discussed in this article.

About the profession

How can you briefly describe the profession in question? An APCS engineer is a person who is engaged in various management and control processes, namely their automation. Also, this specialist designs control devices and develops control algorithms. The engineer is obliged to carry out a complete and integral set of works in terms of commissioning, commissioning, and maintenance of the automated process control system.

The main part of the work of a specialist is to set up and configure the existing software of the software and hardware structure for a specific automation object. The employee must carry out special work on setting up the start-up of automated process control systems, is obliged to develop special schematic solutions for automation cabinets (and this also includes the selection of equipment). Only a review of the main job responsibilities of the employee, as well as a list of things that a competent specialist should know, will help to characterize the entire workflow of a representative of the profession in question in more detail.

What should an APCS engineer know?

The representative of the profession in question must have a huge amount of knowledge and skills. Among other things, a specialist in the field of an automated process control system must also have certain qualities and character traits. This includes, for example, stress resistance, mindfulness, patience, good memory and much more.

However, it is worth returning to the knowledge of the APCS engineer. So, the job description of this specialist prescribes the following:

• the employee must know the automated control system, namely its content, functions and tasks, the procedure and methods for developing projects, etc.;
• the basis of economic and mathematical methods;
• economic fundamentals;
• labor legislation;
• basis of cybernetics;
• all documentation standards;
• basics of labor protection and safety precautions

And much more. Thus, an APCS engineer must have a fairly wide amount of knowledge necessary to conduct labor activities.

Responsibilities and functions of an APCS engineer

The representative of the profession in question is endowed with a fairly large range of job functions. Only the most basic responsibilities of an APCS engineer will be highlighted below.

• The employee is obliged to perform work related to the design and implementation of automated control systems based on the application of mathematical and economic methods.
• The specialist is obliged to study and analyze all possible methods of managing the activities of the enterprise.
• The employee must prepare all the data necessary for work, as well as draw up technical specifications for the design of the automated control system.
• The employee is obliged to develop an automated control system.
• The specialist should supervise, as well as assist in the development of systems and schemes.

Of course, an ICS engineer has many other responsibilities and functions. A complete list of them can be found in the employee's job description.

Rights of an APCS engineer

Like all other workers working in different places, a representative of the profession in question has many different professional rights. Only the most basic rights of an APCS engineer will be named below.

• The employee is able to get acquainted with the projects and plans of the management (but only if they in any way relate to the work of the specialist in question).
• The employee is able to submit various plans, ideas and proposals for the optimization or modernization of the enterprise for consideration by the authorities.
• The specialist is able to report to management about various malfunctions, shortcomings and shortcomings in the enterprise. Also, the employee can offer some of his ideas to eliminate these shortcomings.
• The employee can request from the authorities all the documents necessary for the performance of labor activity. In addition to documents, the employee may demand from the management certain tools or elements necessary to perform the work.
• Attracting specialists from other areas for the sake of solving any official tasks is also included in the list of specialist rights.

Responsibility of the APCS engineer

A large number of functions of varying complexity has an APCS engineer. The duties of this specialist give rise to a huge responsibility. What can a member of the profession in question be held responsible for?

Here are just a few items from the job description:

• The employee bears full responsibility for the full performance, or for the performance, but in an improper way, of his job functions and duties.
• The employee is obliged to bear responsibility in accordance with the current civil and labor codes of the Russian Federation if he caused material damage or other harm to the company.
• The worker is responsible for the commission of offenses or crimes committed in the workplace.
• The employee is responsible for conducting any unplanned or uncoordinated experiments in the workplace.

There are other points on which the employee can be held responsible for their actions or inactions. Above, however, the most basic points were named, namely those that the job description of an APCS engineer prescribes.

Responsibilities of the Lead Engineer

Who is a Lead APCS Engineer? It will not be so easy to properly answer this question. However, it is still possible to draw up a relatively complete picture - if you list the main functions and responsibilities of this specialist. ACS TP practically does not prescribe anything about this specialist. For the employee, of course, a list of duties is assigned. These include, for example:

• timely passage of medical inspections;
• observance of labor discipline;
• all functions of an APCS engineer are assigned to a specialist, etc.

However, the main labor functions are not given in the instructions. From this we can conclude that the specialist in question is, one might say, a "headman" in the field of automated control systems. All the duties of an ordinary engineer are shifted to the lead engineer, however, some managerial functions are also assigned to him.

What should the head of the APCS department know?

The work under consideration is quite complex and responsible. The APCS engineer is a really important person.

And what can be said about the head of the APCS department? The first thing worth noting is what knowledge the specialist in question should have. The job description prescribes that the head of the department:

• must know all the prospects for the development of the organization;
• must thoroughly know the structure and mechanism of the organization;
• must understand the order of development of projects in the enterprise;
• must be aware of all standards and norms established in the organization.

The head of the department should also know many other things.

The first group of duties of the head of the APCS department

The official in question has a much larger number of responsibilities than the lead engineer of the process control system. The job description prescribes the following functions for the head of the department:

• the employee manages the implementation and development of projects, based on mathematical and economic methods, means of communication, elements of the theory of cybernetics and economics, etc.

• The specialist is obliged to organize the research of the TP ACS system, as well as to monitor the order and planning of production in order to transfer certain processes to automatic mode.
• The specialist is obliged to study the problems of the TP ACS system.
• The head of the department is obliged to periodically draw up technical specifications for certain production processes.

The second group of duties of the head of the process control system

The specialist in question is obliged to ensure the preparation of plans for the implementation and design of automated process control systems, as well as monitor the implementation, setting tasks, their algorithmization, linking technological support, and the creation and implementation of certain standard blocks.

The head of the department must organize some types of work to modernize and improve the circulation of documents in production. This includes, for example, the definition of output and input documentation, the order of output and input, transmission through communication channels, etc.

The specialist in question should also lead the preparation of certain instructions, methodological materials, and other documentation. It is also worth noting that all other work with documentation in production must be agreed with the head of the department.

Unified qualification directory of positions of managers, specialists and other employees (CEN), 2019
Section "Qualification characteristics of positions of employees of nuclear energy organizations"
The section is approved by the Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation of December 10, 2009 N 977

Technician for automated process control systems (technician-designer-system engineer)

Job responsibilities. Participates in the design and implementation of automated control systems (ACS) and automated control systems (ACS) for various purposes under the guidance of a systems engineer. Independently develops certain types of support for simple control or monitoring systems based on modern computer technology, instruments and automation equipment. Completes and draws up design documentation for automated control systems and automated control systems, collects initial data on the controlled objects under investigation and conducts their primary processing. On the instructions of a systems engineer, he performs prototyping of the system under test and participates in testing the layout. Makes changes to project documentation and draws up notices of changes. Participates in the adjustment of the components of the developed systems and their trial operation. Prepares and conducts acceptance and metrological tests of the developed systems with the execution of test reports.

Must know: laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, methodological and regulatory documents relating to the design of automated information processing systems and process control; rules for the operation of computer equipment, instruments and automation equipment used in control systems; rules for the technical operation of a complex of technical means and technological equipment of the systems being developed; standards and other regulatory documents governing the development of documentation for ACS and ASC; fundamentals of economics and labor organization; fundamentals of labor legislation; rules on labor protection and fire safety; internal labor regulations.

Qualification requirements.

Technician for automated process control systems (technician-designer-system engineer) Category I: secondary vocational (technical) education and work experience as a technician for automated process control systems (technician-designer-system engineer) Category II for at least 2 years.

Technician for automated process control systems (technician-designer-system engineer) II category: secondary vocational (technical) education and work experience as a technician for automated process control systems (technician-designer-system engineer) for at least 2 years.

Technician for automated process control systems (technician-designer-system engineer): secondary vocational (technical) education without presenting requirements for work experience.

The current stage in the development of human civilization is characterized by a transition to the so-called information society, in which, as a result of the processes of informatization and computerization, information technologies in all areas of activity play a more important role than industrial, agricultural, etc. As academician A.P. Ershov noted, informatization - the universal inevitable period of the development of civilization, the period of mastering the information picture of the world, realizing the unity of the laws of the functioning of information in nature and society, their practical application, the creation of an industry for the production and processing of information.

In this regard, the solution of the problems of the rational use of modern and promising methods and means of information processing in the practical (professional) activities of people is of paramount importance.

Naturally, such a complex and diverse process as informatization needs a methodological justification, which is the result of research within the scientific and technical direction and science, called "information systems".

The subject of the study of information systems are information technologies that are implemented in practice in automated information systems (AIS) for various purposes, acting as an object of informatics. Thus, AIS allows you to automate one or another area of ​​professional activity of people through the use of computer tools and technologies.

In other words, the main means of automating the professional activities of people today are the means of electronic computing and communication.

1. Basic concepts and definitions

Being a rather complex process, the automation of any human activity in solving practical problems must have scientific - primarily methodological - support. As already noted in the introduction, the science that studies the most general patterns of the introduction of automation (computerization) in all spheres of society and the consequences of this is computer science. Within the framework of this scientific discipline, the automation of professional activity is defined as the process of creating, implementing and using technical, software and mathematical methods that free a person from direct participation in the receipt, transformation and transfer of energy, materials and (or) information in professional activities. The main types of automated professional activities: production processes, design, training, research, management. The basis of the automation of professional activity in modern conditions is the means of electronic computing equipment (ECT) and communications.

Very important and especially interesting for a wide range of specialists in the field of organizational management are the features of automation of management activities as a process of creating, implementing and using technical, software and mathematical methods designed for automated collection, storage, search, processing and transmission of information used in management. ergatic systems, in the course of implementation of new information management technologies. The purpose of automation of managerial activity is to increase the efficiency of management (the quality of managerial decisions, efficiency, productivity of managerial work, etc.).

Informatics is one of the branches of general (theoretical) informatics and studies the goals, methods and means of automating the activities of officials on the basis of EWT in personnel management, the development of new weapon systems, the improvement of types, forms and methods of combat operations, and the training of personnel.

Like any other scientific discipline, computer science has its own object and subject.

The object of informatics is an automated information system, which is a set of technical software and organizational measures designed to automate information processes in professional activities. The main technical means of AIS is a computer.

The object of informatics is the AIS, designed to automate the military-professional activities of officials and control bodies.

When using the term "information", we, as a rule, do not think about what information is. It should be noted that this issue is quite complex (it will be considered in more detail in Sec. 2.1). To date, science has not developed a strict definition of the concept of information. Speaking about information processes in AIS, for the time being we will understand by information a certain set of data (textual, numerical, graphical) and links between them.

Information processing refers to all possible information processes that accompany professional activities: collecting information, storing information, searching for information, presenting information on a certain medium in a certain form (visual, graphic, text, sound), obtaining new information (for example, as a result of calculations). ), transmission of information via communication channels to various recipients, etc.

An automated information system should be considered as a tool in the hands of officials who process information in the course of their professional activities. We can say that the presence of this tool actually determines a new technology for the implementation of professional activities.

The concept of "technology" means a complex of knowledge about the methods, methods of labor, sets of material and technical factors, ways of combining them to create a product or service. In relation to industrial production, the concept of "industrial production technology" is used.

The application of the concept of "technology" to information processes led to the emergence of the concept of "information technology" - a body of knowledge about the methods of automated processing of information using computers to automate management activities.

The creation of new information technologies and their implementation in professional activities is one of the main tasks of informatics. That is why it is advisable to consider information technologies as a subject of informatics, which determine rational ways of developing and using AIS.

Each AIS provides the implementation of some information technology for processing information in the process of professional activity. Thus, the creation of new information technologies and AIS implementing them or the transfer of known information technologies from one area of ​​human activity to another can be considered as tasks of informatics.

2. Classification of automated information systems

As the main classification feature of AIS, it is advisable to consider the features of automated professional activity - the process of processing input information to obtain the required output information, in which AIS acts as a tool of an official or a group of officials involved in the management of the organizational system.

In accordance with the proposed classification feature, the following AIS can be distinguished (Fig. 1.1.1):

♦ automated control systems (ACS);

♦ decision support systems (DSS);

♦ automated information and computing systems (AICS);

♦ automated learning systems (ATS);

♦ automated information and reference systems (AISS).

Consider the features of each class of AIS and the characteristics of possible types of AIS within each class.

An automated control system is an automated system designed to automate all or most of the control tasks performed by a collective control body (ministry, directorate, board, service, control group, etc.). Depending on the control object, there are automated control systems for personnel (APCS) and automated control systems for technical means (APCS). ACS is the organizational and technical basis for the implementation of a rational technology for the collective decision of control in various environmental conditions. In this regard, the development of a rational technology of organizational management is a defining stage in the creation of any automated control system.

The automatic personnel management system provides automated processing of information necessary to manage the organization in daily activities, as well as in the preparation and implementation of development programs.

Automatic control systems for technical means are designed to implement the relevant technological processes. They are essentially a transmission link between the officials who manage the technical systems and the technical systems themselves. Currently, automated control systems are widely used in all developed countries. This is explained by the fact that the management of the existing latest technological processes without the use of automatic control systems becomes practically impossible. As for automated control systems, at present such systems are widely used in Western countries, and work is underway to create new systems, including those based on achievements in the field of artificial intelligence.

Decision support systems are a fairly new class of AIS, the theory of which is currently being intensively developed. DSS is called AIS, designed to automate the activities of specific officials in the performance of their official (functional) duties in the process of managing personnel and (or) technical means.

There are four categories of officials whose activities are distinguished by different specifics of information processing: the head, the official of the governing body, the operational duty officer, the operator. In accordance with the four categories of officials, there are also four types of DSS: DSS for the head (DSD R), DSS for an official of the governing body (DSS O), DSS for the operational duty officer (DSS D) and DSS for the operator (DSS Op).

Let us consider the specifics of the activities of officials belonging to each selected category.

The category "manager" includes officials who are entrusted with the management of subordinate officials (divisions) and decision-making in the management process. The main form of the commander's activity is business communication.

The activities of officials belonging to the category "head" are characterized by the following features:

♦ with the centralization of decision-making, the volume of information increases sharply, the time for thinking and analysis decreases, and the complexity of complex accounting of all factors increases;

♦ a large proportion of current tasks that do not allow focusing on strategic goals;

♦ in the process of activity, methods conditioned by habits, experience, traditions and other non-formalized circumstances prevail;

♦ when making a decision, the leader is not always able to describe and even present a sufficiently complete speculative model of the situation, but is forced to use only some idea of ​​it;

♦ The activity of a manager largely depends on the temperament and style of activity, on the degree of knowledge of the causes and effects, the clarity of the presentation of relationships, and the amount of information available.

The listed features of the activities of officials of the "head" category determine the extreme complexity of automating their activities, which contains a large number of informal elements, primarily such as operational and strategic management, as well as decision-making. Based on the characteristics of the manager's activities, the following basic requirements for DSS R can be formulated:

1) the presence of a wide information base with the ability to quickly search for the required information;

2) visibility of the presentation of information in a form adapted to the needs of a particular official (text, tables, graphs, diagrams, etc.);

3) ensuring operational communication with other sources of information in the management system, and especially with direct assistants;

4) availability of interactive software tools for decision-making based on formal (mathematical) methods;

5) ease of operation with increased reliability of hardware and software;

6) ensuring the possibility of accumulation in the computer memory
experience and knowledge (within the framework of intellectual DSS).

It should be noted that requirements 2, 3 and 5 are universal and apply to all types of DSS.

Currently requirements 1, 2, 3 and 5 can be fully satisfied using known information technologies. Regarding requirements 4 and 6

(the availability of software tools for providing solutions and the accumulation of experience and knowledge in the computer memory), then their satisfaction is the main theoretical problem that arises when creating a DSS R.

The category "official of the governing body" includes specialists involved in analytical work on the preparation of decisions of the head and their documentation. The basis of the activities of officials of the governing body is the evaluation of various solutions (carrying out valuation calculations) and the development of drafts of various documents.

The effectiveness of the functioning of the governing body is largely determined by the productivity of the activities of specialists, especially in matters of creating new information. The share of creative work in their work is quite high. It is these specialists who provide almost all information preparation for decision-making by the manager. They are the main executors of documents, determining their quality. First of all, the DSS O should create conditions for officials to carry out fruitful analytical work and minimize the share of routine work (search for information, paperwork, operational calculations, etc.).

Features of the activities of officials of the management body determine the following basic requirements for DSS O:

♦ ensuring prompt search and display of all information necessary for the preparation of decisions and the formation of draft documents within its competence;

♦ ensuring the possibility of conducting operational calculations and modeling to assess the situation and prepare options for solutions;

♦ ensuring the possibility of automated preparation of draft documents (texts, graphs, diagrams, etc.).

The main elements of the DSS O should include the means of conducting operational calculations and modeling, since it is these tools that provide the greatest increase in the efficiency and quality of management.

The category of "operational duty officer" includes officials who perform the duties of operational management of the organizational system while on duty at the respective control points for a certain time.

The main features of the activities of operational duty officers are:

♦ relatively narrow range of tasks to be solved;

♦ strict regulation of activities in most of the scenarios;

♦ hard time limit for making decisions and performing various operations.

The listed features of the activities of the operational duty officers determine as the main requirements for the DSS D ensuring the prompt provision of information necessary for the operational duty officer in predetermined situations, as well as providing an operational analysis of the current situation. The latter requirement can be provided using expert systems technology.

The category "operator" may include officials who perform technical work according to a predetermined algorithm. The main feature of the operator's activity is the absence of the need to make complex decisions in the course of his activity. DSS Op should provide an opportunity for an official to work with reference information and the possibility of automated preparation of texts of documents.

Automated information and computing systems are designed to solve mathematically complex problems that require large amounts of a wide variety of information. Thus, the type of activity automated by AIVS is the performance of various (complex and "voluminous") calculations. These systems are used to support scientific research and development, as well as subsystems of automated control systems and DSS in cases where the development of management decisions must be based on complex calculations.

Depending on the specifics of the field of activity in which AIVS are used, the following types of these systems are distinguished.

An information and settlement system (IRS) is an automated system designed to provide operational calculations and automate the exchange of information between workplaces within an organization or system of organizations. IRS is usually interfaced with ACS and within the framework of the latter can be considered as its subsystem.

The technical base of the IRS are, as a rule, networks of large, small and microcomputers. IRS have a network structure and can cover several tens and even hundreds of jobs at various levels of the hierarchy. The main difficulty in creating an IRS is to ensure high efficiency of settlements and information exchange in the system with strict delimitation of officials' access to official information.

A design automation system (CAD) is an automated information system designed to automate the activities of departments of a design organization or a team of specialists in the process of developing product designs based on the use of a single information base, mathematical and graphical models, automated design and design procedures. CAD is one of the integrated production automation systems that provides for the implementation of an automated cycle for creating a new product from pre-project scientific research to the production of a serial sample.

In the field of economics, CAD can be used in the design of economic information systems and their elements. In addition, CAD technology can provide an automated system for displaying the situation on the screen in the process of conducting economic transactions or during various types of business games.

Problem-oriented simulation systems (POIS) are designed to automate the development of simulation models in a certain subject area. For example, if the development of the automotive industry is taken as the subject area, then any model created in this subject area may include building blocks that simulate the activities of enterprises accessories; actual assembly production; sale, maintenance and repair of automobiles; advertising, etc. These building blocks can be built with different detailing of the simulated processes and different efficiency of calculations. The user, working with the POIS, tells it what model he needs (i.e., what needs to be taken into account when modeling and with what degree of accuracy), and the POIS automatically generates the simulation model required by the user.

The POIS software includes banks of typical models (BTM) of subject areas, a model planner, databases of subject areas, as well as means of interactive communication between the user and the POIS.

A problem-oriented system is a rather complex AIS, implemented, as a rule, using artificial intelligence technology on high-performance computers.

Modeling centers (MC) - automated information systems, which are a set of ready-to-use models, united by a single subject area, information base and language of communication with users. MCs, as well as POIS, are designed to provide research on various models. But, unlike POIS, they do not automate the creation of simulation models, but provide the user with the opportunity to comfortably work with ready-made models. MCs can be systems of both collective and individual use and, in principle, do not require powerful computers for their implementation.

Automated learning systems (ATS). Traditional methods of training specialists in various fields of professional activity have evolved over many decades, during which a lot of experience has been accumulated.

However, as evidenced by numerous studies, traditional teaching methods have a number of disadvantages. Such shortcomings include the passive nature of the oral presentation, the difficulty of organizing the active work of students, the impossibility of fully taking into account the individual characteristics of individual students, etc.

One of the possible ways to overcome these difficulties is the creation of ASO - automated information systems designed to automate the training of specialists with or without the participation of a teacher and provide training, preparation of training courses, management of the learning process and evaluation of its results. The main types of ATS are automated program learning systems (ASPO), business game support systems (ASODI), simulators and training complexes (TiTK).

Automated systems of program learning are focused on learning mainly in the theoretical sections of courses and disciplines. Within the framework of ASPO, "computer courses" prepared in advance by qualified teachers are being implemented. In this case, the educational material is divided into portions (doses) and for each portion of the material a possible reaction of the student is indicated. Depending on the actions of the student and his answers to the questions posed, ASPO forms the next dose of the information presented.

The greatest difficulty in creating AFS is the development of a "computer course" for a specific discipline. That is why at the present time "computer courses" in traditional, methodologically developed disciplines (physics, elementary mathematics, programming, etc.) are most widely used.

The automated system for providing business games is designed to prepare and conduct business games, the essence of which is to simulate the adoption of individual and group decisions by officials in various problem situations by playing according to specified rules.

During the business game, ASODI is assigned the following tasks:

♦Storage and provision to trainees and game managers of current information about the problematic environment in the process of a business game in accordance with their competence;

♦ formation according to the given rules of the reaction of the problem environment to the actions of trainees;

♦exchange of information between game participants (trainees and game leaders);

♦ control and generalization of students' actions in the course of a business game;

♦providing game managers with the opportunity to intervene in the course of the game, for example, to change the situation.

The technical base of ASODI is high-performance computers or local area networks. The methodological basis of ASODI, as a rule, is computer simulation.

Simulators and training complexes are designed to teach practical skills to work at specific workplaces (combat posts). They are means of individual (simulators) and group (training complexes) training. TTCs are rather expensive teaching aids, and their creation requires a lot of time. However, their extremely high efficiency in the training of such specialists as pilots, drivers, control system operators, etc. allows us to consider them quite promising types of ASO.

Automated information and reference systems (AISS) are automated information systems designed to collect, store, search and issue reference information to consumers in the required form.

Depending on the nature of work with information, the following types of AISS are distinguished:

♦automated archives (AA);

♦automated office systems (ASD);

♦automated directories (AS) and file cabinets (AK);

♦automated systems for maintaining electronic maps of the area (ASVEKM), etc.

Currently, a large number of varieties of AISS have been developed and their number continues to increase. AISS are created using database technology, which is quite well developed and widely used. To create AISS, as a rule, high-performance computing equipment is not required.

The ease of creating AISS and the high positive effect of their use determined their active use in all areas of professional (including managerial) activities.

3. Classification of information and calculation problems

All tasks included in the SSSS can be classified according to several criteria:

♦ the nature of information processing;

♦ appointment;

♦ application level.

The need for the following classification is determined by the difference in the requirements for the tasks of each class.

The main classification feature, according to which all tasks included in the SSSS, are divided into two different classes, is the nature of information processing. Depending on the nature of information processing, tasks can be informational and computational.

An information task is an element of a special applied computer software (computer program), whose information processing algorithm does not lead to the creation of new information that differs from the original one. and management documents, drawing the situation on a map, etc. Thus, information tasks carry out the processes of collecting, storing, searching for information and converting it from one type to another without changing the essence of this information and without creating new information.

Information tasks are currently one of the simplest, having well-developed means of creation, and quite effective elements of the open source software in automating the activities of officials. They allow you to completely eliminate or significantly simplify, first of all, routine procedures in the activities of officials (storage, search, sorting of information, drafting documents and replicating them, etc.) and thereby reduce the required number of personnel engaged mainly in technical activities (typists, clerks, librarians, archives workers, etc.).

A calculation task is an element of special applied computer software (computer program), the information processing algorithm of which leads to the creation of new information that is not directly contained in the original one. Calculation tasks include tasks: analysis of the results of economic activity, calculation of economic operation efficiency indicators, calculation of employees' salaries, etc.

In turn, computational problems are divided into computational problems and mathematical models.

A computational task is a computational task, the information processing algorithm of which is built without the use of mathematical modeling methods. Usually, algorithms for computational tasks are known before they are developed and, as a rule, they are normatively fixed in orders, manuals, reference books, state standards, etc. the results of the company, etc.

Research models do not have strict requirements for the efficiency of work, so they allow for a wide consideration of various factors in the simulation. In addition, research tasks should ensure the ease of changing (if necessary) the algorithm of their work in the course of research. At the same time, it is difficult to ensure the simplicity and convenience of working with the task. Research tasks in some cases can be considered as prototypes of regular tasks, although this is far from always possible.

A mathematical model (MM) is a computational problem, the algorithm of information processing of which is based on the use of certain methods of mathematical modeling. We will classify the elements of the SSSS by purpose and level of application for those tasks that are used to automate management activities (the rest will be discussed below).

By purpose, information and calculation tasks are divided into regular and research.

A standard task is an information or calculation task that is officially included in the standard cycle of managing an organization and used by officials of management bodies in the course of their official activities.

Regular information and settlement tasks (IRZ) are single-level (used in the management of one level, for example, the tasks of an enterprise) and multi-level (used in the management of several levels, for example, at an enterprise, association and ministry).

The main features of regular IRZ, which directly follow from their purpose, are the high reliability of the calculation results and the promptness of their receipt. In addition, regular tasks should ensure the simplicity and convenience of communication with the user in the process of his work on the computer.

A research task is an information or calculation task used by officials when conducting research work, substantiating promising development programs, forecasting economic situations, etc. As a rule, research is carried out using mathematical models.

Conclusion

In this paper, we examined the automation of economic information systems, their classification, as well as their importance and the need for use in the modern world.

Bibliography:

1. Information systems in the economy / Textbook / K.V. Baldin, V.B. Utkin - M., 2005

2. Automated information technologies in the economy / ed. G.A.Titorenko - M., 2002

3. Computer information systems of management activity / ed. G.A. Titorenko - M., 1993

4. Theoretical foundations of automation of management activities in the economy / K.V. Baldin, V.B. Utkin - M., 2003